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Cohort profile: Cardiovascular Metabolic Etiological Research Center COVID-19 Mental Health Survey (CC-MHS)
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Sun Jae Jung, Dongkyu Lee, Ji Su Yang, Sunghyuk Kang, Hyejin Kim, Jeong Hyun Ahn, Yunseong Heo, Jieun Noh, Changhyun Kim, Hyeon Chang Kim
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Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025033. Published online June 30, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025033
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Abstract
The Cardiovascular Metabolic Etiological Research Center COVID-19 Mental Health Survey (CC-MHS) is a comprehensive longitudinal cohort study investigating the mental health impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic by utilizing pre-existing baseline data from the Cardiovascular Metabolic Etiological Research Center cohort (2013-2018). This study assesses physical health, lifestyle changes, and mental health using validated tools, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, and evaluates a population of urban and suburban Korean participants across multiple dimensions. Through online surveys, the research identified gender-specific social support mechanisms, showing that men benefit from larger social networks, whereas women derive protective effects from stronger emotional connections. Key findings underscore complex interactions among demographic factors, psychological variables, and public health responses, especially in the context of vaccination attitudes and trust in pandemic management. The CC-MHS delivers critical insights into mental health trajectories during global health crises, offering valuable evidence for developing adaptive public health strategies and for understanding the intricate relationships between individual psychological resilience and broader societal health challenges.
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Summary
Korean summary
본 CC-MHS 코호트는 팬데믹 이전 4,060명 대상 CMERC 기초자료 활용하였다
본 CC-MHS 코호트는 우울, 불안, PTSD 등 정신건강 평가를 7차례 추적조사하였다.
본 코호트에서는 성별 보호요인과 사회적 지지·신뢰의 중요성 규명하였다.
Key Message
In CC-MHS, we utilized pre-pandemic baseline data from 4,060 adults in the CMERC cohort.
We conducted 7 waves of mental health surveys assessing depression, anxiety, PTSD, and resilience.
In this cohort, we identified gender-specific protective factors and emphasized the importance of social support and trust.
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Health literacy in Korea: findings from the 2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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Sunhye Choi, Yukyeong Kang, Hyejin Kim, Kyungwon Oh
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Epidemiol Health. 2025;47:e2025037. Published online July 9, 2025
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2025037
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OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess health literacy and identify vulnerable groups, providing a basis for developing health policies aimed at improving health literacy, using data from the 2023 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
METHODS The health literacy measurement tool used in the 2023 KNHANES comprised a total of 10 items spanning the domains of disease prevention, health promotion, healthcare, and technology and resources. Health literacy was analyzed in relation to socio-demographic characteristics and major health behaviors among 5,906 adults aged 19 years or older, using the SAS program.
RESULTS As of 2023, the overall prevalence of adequate health literacy among adults was 60.4%. Adequate health literacy was higher in women (62.2%) than in men (58.6%). Younger individuals exhibited higher levels of health literacy, with those aged 19–64 years at 65.9%, compared to only 40.3% among those aged 65 or older. Higher income and education levels were also associated with greater health literacy. Regarding health behavior characteristics, individuals practicing healthy lifestyles, such as non-smoking, engaging in physical activity, and undergoing health checkups, demonstrated higher health literacy than those who did not engage in such behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS Six out of 10 Korean adults demonstrated adequate health literacy, but significant differences were observed according to socio-demographic characteristics (e.g., age and education) and health behaviors (e.g., smoking and physical activity). Tailored education and policy initiatives are necessary to improve health literacy, particularly targeting older adults, low-income groups, individuals with lower education, and those who do not practice healthy lifestyles.
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Summary
Korean summary
2023년 국민건강영양조사를 통해 우리 국민의 건강정보이해능력을 처음으로 조사한 결과, 우리나라 성인 10명 중 6명은 적절한 건강정보이해능력을 갖고 있었다. 건강정보이해능력은 고령, 낮은 교육수준, 건강생활 비실천 등에서 낮아 취약군의 건강정보이해능력 향상을 위한 맞춤형 교육과 정보 제공 등 다양한 방안 모색이 필요하다.
Key Message
According to the results of the 2023 KNHANES—the first nationwide assessment of health literacy in Korea—6 out of 10 Korean adults had adequate health literacy. Diverse strategies—including targeted education and information provision—are needed to improve health literacy among vulnerable groups such as older adults, those with low education and individuals who do not practice healthy lifestyles.
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Trends in the prevalence and management of major metabolic risk factors for chronic disease over 20 years: findings from the 1998-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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Yoonjung Kim, Sun Jin Nho, Gyeongji Woo, Hyejin Kim, Suyeon Park, Youngtaek Kim, Ok Park, Kyungwon Oh
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Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021028. Published online April 19, 2021
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021028
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to explore trends in the prevalence and management of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in Korean adults from 1998 to 2018 using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).
METHODS The study participants included 79,753 individuals aged ≥ 30 years who had participated in the health examination and health interview of the first (1998) to the seventh (2016-2018) KNHANES. The prevalence and management as well as annual percent change (APC) in chronic diseases were analyzed using SAS and the Joinpoint software program.
RESULTS The prevalence of obesity in men significantly increased from 26.8% in 1998 to 44.7% in 2018 (APC= 1.9, p< 0.001), whereas that in women decreased slightly from 30.5% in 1998 to 28.3% in 2018 (APC= -0.5, p< 0.001). The prevalence of hypertension in men was 33.2% in 2018, with no significant change, whereas that in women slightly decreased to 23.1% in 2018 (APC= -0.9, p< 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes in men increased slightly from 10.5% in 2005 to 12.9% in 2018 (APC= 1.6, p< 0.001), whereas that in women remained at approximately 8%, with no significant change. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in both men and women increased 3-fold in 2018 (20.9% in men [APC = 8.2, p < 0.001] and 21.4% in women [APC= 7.1, p< 0.001]) compared to that in 2005. The awareness rate, treatment rate, and control rate of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia increased 2-3 fold. Regarding diabetes, the treatment rate increased, but the control rate did not change.
CONCLUSIONS Over the past 20 years, the prevalence of obesity (in men), diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia has increased and management indicators, such as the awareness rate, treatment rate, and control rate of chronic diseases, have improved continuously.
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Summary
Korean summary
국민건강영양조사(1998-2018) 자료를 활용하여 우리나라 성인의 비만, 고혈압, 당뇨병, 고콜레스테롤혈증 유병률 및 관리수준을 분석한 결과, 20년 동안 비만(남자), 당뇨병, 고콜레스테롤혈증 만성질환의 유병 수준은 악화되고 있는 반면, 만성질환의 인지율, 치료율, 치료자 중 조절률 등 관리지표는 지속적으로 개선되고 있었다.
Key Message
We examined trends in the prevalence and management of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in Korean adults from the 1998-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Over the past 20 years, the prevalence of obesity (in men), diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia has increased and management indicators, such as the awareness rate, treatment rate, and control rate of chronic diseases, have improved continuously.
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National Epidemiologic Survey of Thyroid cancer (NEST) in Korea
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Chang-Mo Oh, Hyun-Joo Kong, Eunyang Kim, Hyejin Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Sohee Park, Young-Joo Won
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Epidemiol Health. 2018;40:e2018052. Published online October 26, 2018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2018052
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Abstract
The Korea Central Cancer Registry conducted the National Epidemiologic Survey of Thyroid cancer (NEST) to investigate changes in the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of thyroid cancer patients between 1999 and 2008. The NEST was designed to collect representative samples of patients with thyroid cancer diagnosed in the years 1999, 2005, and 2008 using a proportionally stratified and systematic random sampling method. Among 42,891 participants diagnosed with thyroid cancer, 5,796 participants were included in the final study population. This survey collected information on diagnostic methods and date, route of diagnosis, prior medical history and history of thyroid-related disease, tumor, lymph node, metastasis and collaborative stage, and treatment. The NEST dataset was also linked to the cause-of-death database from Statistics Korea. The mean age of the study participants was 46.9 years. The ratio of men to women was 1:5.5. In the analysis of the histologic type of cancer, the proportion of papillary thyroid carcinoma showed an increasing trend (p<0.01). In contrast, the proportion of distant metastasis and the mean tumor size of thyroid cancers showed decreasing trends over time (p<0.01, respectively).
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